Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Iran

Hydatidosis, caused by Echinococcus granulosus is one of the most important zoonotic diseases, throughout most parts of the world. Hydatidosis is endemic in Iran and responsible for approximately 1% of admission to surgical wards. There are extensive genetic variations within E. granulosus and 10 different genotypes [G1-G10] within this parasite have been reported. Identification of strains is important for improvement of control and prevention of the disease. No new review article presented the situation of Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Iran in the recent years; therefore in this paper we reviewed the different studies regarding Echinococcus granulosus genotypes in Iran.

Recommending different treatments as preventive measures against incisional endometrioma

To consider incisional endometrioma [IE] as a differential diagnosis of abdominal disorders and to recommend different treatments as preventive measures. Incisional endometrioma [IE], as a rare condition, usually develops in surgical scar of cesarean section or hysterectomy. We performed a retrospective review of 12 cases at Department of Surgery, Shahrekord University of medical sciences, Shahrekord from August 2010 to August 2012. The participants were diagnosed with IE using their pathology specimens. The age ranges were from 23 to 44 years [mean age 32.75 years]. A total of 12 patients had previous cesarean sections through a Pfannenstiel incision, which the wound was managed with regular irrigation, but peritoneum was not repaired. The main symptom was an abdominal wall mass about the previous caesarean section surgical scars, associated with cyclic pain. The mean duration of symptoms was 6 to 24 months [mean duration 6.66 months]. There was 100% recovery after surgical treatment without any relapse of symptoms during follow-up till now. We recommend irrigation of the wound with high-jet saline solution before wound closure and repair of peritoneum at the time of cesarean section as a preventive measure

Penetrating neck trauma: review of 192 cases

The neck region contains a high density of vital organ structures within a relatively small and unprotected anatomic region, making it one of the most vulnerable areas of the body for all types of injuries. In this article, we studied penetrating neck trauma cases in Alzahra Hospital over a 10-year period. In this retrospective, descriptive, analytical study, penetrating neck trauma cases admitted to Alzahra Hospital between April 2000 and April 2010 were analyzed for epidemiology, mechanism of trauma, zone of trauma, therapeutic method, injuries to other organs, complications, and mortality. Among 192 penetrating neck injuries, the mean age at the time of injury was 25.08 +/- 15.02 years. Of these cases, 96.4% occurred in men. The most common mechanisms of trauma was stab wounds [85.93%]. In 56.3% of penetrating neck injuries, zone 2 was involved. Neck exploration was positive in 84.4% of cases, and 52.1% of patients underwent surgery. Vascular exploration was the most common cause of surgery [67.2% of patients]. The most common surgical intervention was vein ligation [50.8% of cases]. In 11.98% of cases, another organ injury occurred simultaneously, and chest injury was the most common coexisting problem [65.2%]. Complications were reported in 9.3% of patients, and the need for intubation was the most common complication [5.2% of patients]. Mortality rate was 1.5%. According to the findings of this study, the most common cause of penetrating neck injuries was stab wounds, and the majority of patients were young men, therefore, preventive measures should be implemented. Because of fatal complications associated with neck injuries, we recommend early neck exploration in unstable cases or when injuries are deeper than the platysma

Intraoperative atelectasis due to endotracheal tube cuff herniation: a case report

Endotracheal tube [ETT] cuff herniation is a rare, and often difficult to diagnose, cause of bronchial obstruction. We present a case of outside cuff herniation of an endotracheal tube that caused pulmonary right lung atelectasis. A 29-year-old man ,a case of car accident with multiple fractures, was admitted to the emergency ward and transferred to the operating room[OR] for open reduction and internal fixation [ORIF] of all fractures .The procedures were done under general anesthesia [G/A]. The past medical history of the patient did not indicate any problem. Anesthesia was induced with thiopental, atracurium and then maintained by propofol and remifentanyl infusions and 100% O[2] via orally inserted ETT. The patient was positioned in left lateral decubitus position for operation. Two hours after induction of anesthesia, the oxygen saturation level dropped to 85% and the breath sounds in the right side of the chest were weakened. The chest x-ray images showed right lung atelectasis especially in the upper lobe. The problem was disappeared after removal of the ETT. In this case, we observed that an ETT cuff herniation can be a cause of airway obstruction. If there is a decreased unilateral breath sounds, we recommend replacement or repositioning of ETT.

[ effect of blood storage on apoptosis induction of Jurkat cells: an in vitro model]

It is a firm belief that blood transfusion is life-saving in many situations, but at the same time transfusion complications could be life-threatening. The possible effects of blood Transfusion Related Immunomodulatory [TRIM] and its related mechanisms is one of the important debatable subjects in the field of blood transfusion medicine. One of the mechanisms through which transfusion can induced TRIM effects in recipient is apoptosis induction. Aim of this study was to investigate the apoptotic effects of stored blood in an in vitro model. To evaluate the apoptotic effects of blood storage, we studied the effect of the plasma [from whole blood] during storage on days 3, 10, 21 and 35 on Jurkat cells, which are sensitive to apoptosis .The plasma of whole blood was separated by centrifugation on different days. Then, Jurkat cells were cultured with plasma for 24 hours. Finally apoptosis level was studied by using flowcytometry for analyzing Annexin V on Jurkat cells [by SeroTec Annexin V:FITC Assay Kit]. The percentages of apoptosis on days 3, 10, 21 and 35 were 3.85 +/- 1.52, 5.27 +/- 2.12, 8.44 +/- 1.90, 12.01 +/- 2.32, respectively. The percentages of apoptotic cells in negative and positive control group was 3.85 +/- 1.94 and 65.80 +/- 2.28, respectively. The results of this study showed that plasma of whole blood have the apoptotic effects which enhanced during the storage of plasma. This in vitro model is also suitable for studying other TRIM related mechanisms

Heat-treated tumor lysate loaded lymphoide dendritic cells: Evaluation of cytotoxic effect in the tumor bearing mice

Dendritic cells [DCs] are essential for the activation and polarization of T cells during an adaptive immune response. In this research we investigated the effect of the Lymphoide DCs pulsed with heat-treated tumor lysate [HTL] as a vaccine in tumor immunotherapy. The Balb/c mice were injected subcutaneously in the right flank with Wehi-164 fibrosarcoma cells 10 days before immunization with the DCs. Then hsp70 expression in the HTL was detected by using western blot analysis. The mice Lymphoide DCs subset were isolated by magnetic cell sorting [MACS], Then the HTL pulsed Lymphoide DCs, TL pulsed Lymphoide DCs and unpulsed Lymphoide DCs were subcutaneously injected. Tumor growth rate, survival, cytotoxic assay measured. The results showed that HTL-Lymphoide DCs vaccine significantly induced the tumor growth suppression and longer survival than the other immunized mice. Immunotherapy with HTL-Lymphoide DCs led to a significant increase in the activity of cytotoxic T cells in the tumor tissue. The current study suggests that specific anti-tumor immune responses against the fibrosarcoma can be induced by HTL-Lymphoide DCs and may provide a useful therapeutic approach for cancer treatment

[Evaluation of cell proliferation and interleukine-4 and interferon gamma level measurement in Balb/c with experimental fibrosarcoma tumor by combination of Gp96-tumor peptide and naloxan]

In spite of the increasing progress in tumor treatment by current methods like surgery, chemotherapy and etc, medical sciences are unable to treat tumors. In this respect, immunology has opened a new window for tumor treatment; nowadays tumor immunotherapy is an accepted strategy for treatment of some tumors at least in some animal models. The goal of this study is the evaluation of immunotherapy using gp96- tumor peptide complex and its combination with naloxon as an opioid receptor antagonist to achieve of cellular immunity against tumors. In this study firstly, gp96 - tumor peptide complexes were purified from WEHI164 cells line using srivastava method. In the next stage, the mice, made tumoric before by the injection of tumor cells, then were divided in to four groups. Control group were injected by PBS, test group1 were injected by naloxon, test group2 were injected by gp96 - tumor peptide complex and test group3 were injected by combination of naloxon and gp96 - tumor peptide complex. To evaluation the efficacy of vaccination, after several days, tumor volume was recorded; then the mice were killed and the spleanic cells were extracted in sterile condition. MTT test was done for cells proliferation study. Supernatant of cultured cells were collected and assayed by ELISA kits for measuring IL-4 and IFN- gamma. Result of protein purification had showen, purified gp96 Isoform has Molecular Weight of 66 kilo dalton.Results of tumor volume had shown that, there is no significant difference between test and control groups. Results of MTT test had shown that, there is no significant difference between test and control groups. IL-4 assay study had showed that, there is no significant difference between test group1, group2 and control group but test group3 has significantly decreased in IL-4 amount when compared with control group. Results of IFN-gamma assay showed that, there is no significant difference between test group1 and control group, but test group2 and group3 has significantly increased in IFN- gamma amount when compared with control group. It can be concluded from this study is that, prophylactic immunotherapy of tumor by combination of gp96-tumor peptide complex and naloxon, can increase IFN- gamma, and, probably in a higher dosage, it may stimulate immune system more to become more potent to even decrease tumor volume